Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Garnierite

The limonite horizon is a reddish brown soil consisting of clay minerals It is 2 7 m thick with a undulating boundary between limonite and saprolite at some places Two distinct zones are recognized in the limonite horizon the lower yellow limonite and upper red limonite

Research Detail Pages National Battery Research Institute

Saprolite also has higher content of magnesium oxide and less cobalt than limonite The limonite and saprolite are then processed to refine the targeted elements There are two well known processes called pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy Pyrometallurgy uses thermal treatment to enable valuable material recovery while hydrometallurgy uses acid

US6261527B1 Atmospheric leach process for the

A process is provided for leaching nickeliferous laterite ores by hydrometallurgical methods at temperatures below the boiling point of the pulp and at atmospheric pressure from which high overall nickel and cobalt extractions are obtained The high iron fraction of the laterite referred to as limonite is first contacted with a concentrated mineral acid to partially or completely

Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite Limonite

Based on the discussion this study investigates the decomposition characteristics of mixing limonite and saprolite with the addition of 10% Na 2 SO 4 and variation of carbon percentage on nickel grade and recovery for beginning research which the roasting process still has more impurities and can solute in the leaching process With this

Strategies for Studying Saprolite and Saprolite Genesis

Saprolite is isovolumetrically weathered bedrock that retains the structure and fabric of the parent rock This soil parent material forms in areas where crystalline rocks occur at or near the surface of the earth Saprolite is generally overlain by 1 to 3 m of soil and commonly > 10 m thick Although saprolite occurs worldwide and often

Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of the Sta

The transition zone m is a thin layer between the saprolite and limonite zone and is characterized by an abrupt mineralogical textural and geochemical transition from the limonite into the saprolite layer This layer is comprised of the mineral assemblage goethite lizardite chlorite tremolite chromite

Recent Progress in Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel

The heap leach operation prefers a low ratio of limonite to saprolite ore Two commercial operations were reported for HL in the literature a Glencore s Murrin where over Mt of ore has been successfully leached in integration with the HPAL The Heap leach is a flexible add on when part of the HPAL is undergoing maintenance or issues

Determination of limonite saprolite and bedrock categories

Table 1 shows the chemical analysis to determine the limonite saprolite and bedrock categories Statistical data processing used histograms scatter plots and ternary diagrams View in full text

Limonite and saprolite heap leach process

The results showed that the optimal process for limonite and saprolite was generated by adding stoichiometry reductant In the saprolite reduction process ferronickel s nickel grade is higher but the recovery is lower than limonite Mixing saprolite with limonite increased the ferronickel particle size increasing nickel recovery

SEDIMENTATION BEHAVIOUR OF LIMONITE SAPROLITE

The increasing world nickel demand coupled with depleting saprolite reserves throughout the globe requires that metal extraction be extended to the entire laterite ore body To improve process throughput the sedimentation behaviour of blended limonite saprolite ore slurries is modified in gravity thickeners using ionic polymers

IDENTIFIKASI LIMONITE SAPROLITE DAN BEDROCK

IDENTIFIKASI LIMONITE SAPROLITE DAN BEDROCK PADA NICKEL LATERITE CASE STUDY PT SULAWESI CAHAYA MINERAL Oleh DANU MIRZA REZKY MAGISTER TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

IDENTIFIKASI LIMONITE SAPROLITE DAN BEDROCK

IDENTIFIKASI LIMONITE SAPROLITE DAN BEDROCK PADA NICKEL LATERITE CASE STUDY PT SULAWESI CAHAYA MINERAL Oleh DANU MIRZA REZKY MAGISTER TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

A Study on Classification of Limonite and Saprolite from

The results show that 5 mm size fraction and 5 mm size fraction of the nickel laterite ore contains mainly limonite type ore and saprolite type ore respectively To understand the moisture content of the raw ore on the dry classification nickel laterite ore with different moisture contents of % and % were subjected to the dry classification

Geochemical and Physical Characteristics of Nickel

Soil 3 meters Limonite 14 meters Saprolite 15 meters and Bedrock 5 meters Geochemical results were found in the Limonite and Saprolite zones are very interesting Limonite has an average content of Ni % Co % Fe % SiO 2 % MgO % and Al 2 O 3 % The highest ore elemental content and ore elements

PDF Atmospheric Leaching of Nickel Laterites with

Rather than employing an appropriate limonite/ saprolite ore blend pilot work on this process involved pugging of a limonite/acid mixture and subsequent grinding of the cured pug with crushed saprolite to prepare the leach slurry Verbaan et al 2007 The process was acknowledged to be robust and resulted in leach extractions of 87% nickel

Technical & Cost Comparison of Laterite Treatment Processes

laterite feed limonite saprolite or 50 50 blend considered in this exercise Estimates of the capital and fixed operating cost s were generated using commercially available cost

Study of mixing saprolite with limonite in selective reduction

The results showed that the optimal process for limonite and saprolite was generated by adding stoichiometry reductant In the saprolite reduction process ferronickel s nickel grade is higher but the recovery is lower than limonite Mixing saprolite with limonite increased the ferronickel particle size increasing nickel recovery

Hydrometallurgical process and recovery of valuable

Ogura et al [44] conducted a mineralogical analysis of the Rio Tuba mine and found that there are obvious limonite layers and saprolite layers in the profile The main minerals of the limonite layer are goethite magnetite hematite maghemite and a small amount of chromite In addition irregularly intermixed particles composed of manganite

Nickel Laterite Deposit Encyclopedia MDPI

The saprolite zone is overlain by the limonite zone The topmost unit is a mechanically transported layer and is therefore not sampled for this study 3 Sta Cruz Nickel Laterite Deposit The Sta Cruz nickel laterite deposit formed from the weathering of the ultramafic massif of the ZOC Acoje block Figure 1 The selected nickel laterite

Studies of carbon percentage variation and mixing Saprolite Limonite

The raw condition morphology of limonite and saprolite can be seen in Fig 2 and the sample can be seen in Fig 3 Download Download high res image 190KB Download Download full size image; Fig 1 XRD of limonite red and saprolite blue ore symbol ♦ = goethite • = lizardite and ♣ = quartz For interpretation of the references

Indirect bioleaching of low grade nickel limonite and saprolite

The highest nickel leaching efficiencies from saprolite and limonite ores were % and % respectively which were obtained at leaching temperature of 95 °C stirring speed of 400 rpm ore particle size of 177 149 μm and leaching time of 4 h for

Ferronickel Production from Nickel Laterite via Sulfide

These regions are termed saprolite Limonite and saprolite layers are often separated by a layer of smectite clay which exhibits intermediate iron and nickel levels [6 7] Due to differences in iron and gangue contents nickel is conventionally extracted from limonite and saprolite via separate pathways

Average composition of Limonite and Saprolite Download

An electron micro probe study of limonite and saprolite samples from a South West Pacific nickel cobalt laterite deposit was completed to provide an insight into its geochemistry and mineralogy